Johann Wilhelm Hittorf
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Hittorf
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Johann Wilhelm Hittorf
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Johann Wilhelm Hittorf (March 27, 1824 – November 28, 1914) was a German ] who was born in Bonn, and died in Münster, Germany.
Hittorf was the first to compute the electricity-carrying capacity of charged atoms and molecules (ions), an important factor in understanding electrochemical reactions. He formulated ion transport numbers and the first method for their measurements
He observed vacuum tube with energy rays extending from a negative electrode. These rays produced a fluorescence when they hit the glass walls of the tubes. In 1876 the effect was named "cathode rays" by Eugen Goldstein.
Hittorf's early investigations were on the allotropes of phosphorus and selenium. Between 1853 and 1859 his most important work was on ion movement caused by electric current. In 1853 Hittorf pointed out that some ions traveled more rapidly than others. This observation led to the concept of transport number, the fraction of the electric current carried by each ionic species. He measured the changes in the concentration of electrolyzed solutions, computed from these the transport numbers (relative carrying capacities) of many ions, and, in 1869, published his laws governing the migration of ions.
He became professor of physics and chemistry at the University of Münster and director of laboratories there from 1879 until 1889. He also investigated the light spectra of gases and vapours, worked on the passage of electricity through gases, and discovered new properties of cathode rays (electron rays). In 1869 he ascertained that the cathode rays propagated in straight lines (when there was no magnetic field). He noticed that when there was any object placed between the cathode and the illuminating side of the tube, then the shadow of that object appeared.
His work led toward development of X-rays and cathode ray tubes. The measurement of current in a vacuum tube was an important step towards the creation of a vacuum tube diode.
Further reading
- Biographical sketch and reprint of paper on migration of ions
External link
- The Cathode Ray Tube site
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf (March 27, 1824 – November 28, 1914) was a German physicist who was born in Bonn, and died in Münster, Germany. Hittorf was the first to compute the ...
Adventures in CyberSound: Hittorf, Johann Wilhelm
An on-line, academic work that will research the history of radio and the related media services of telegraphy, telephony, facsimile, television, photography and cinema. The ...
Hittorf, Johann Wilhelm - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about ...
Hittorf, Johann Wilhelm (1824-1914) German physicist. In 1862 Hittorf and Julius Plücker discovered the influence of temperature on the spectra of substances.
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf – Wikipedia
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf (* 27. März 1824 in Bonn; † 28. November 1914 in Münster) war ein deutscher Physiker und Chemiker. Nach dem Studium der Mathematik und der ...
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf – Wikipedia
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf (* 27. März 1824 in Bonn; † 28. November 1914 in Münster) war ein deutscher Physiker und Chemiker. Nach dem Besuch des alten Gymnasiums in der Bonngasse ...
Johann Hittorf
Johann Hittorf. AKA Johann Wilhelm Hittorf. Born: 27-Mar-1824 Birthplace: Bonn, Germany Died: 28-Nov-1914 Location of death: Münster, Germany Cause of death: unspecified
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf - Viquipèdia
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf (Bonn 1824 - Münster 1914) Físic alemany. Catedràtic de física i química a la Universitat de Münster des de 1856, va contribuir poderosament al ...
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf (Bonn 1824 - Münster 1914) Físico alemán. Catedrático de física y química a la Universidad de Münster desde 1856, contribuyó poderosamente al ...
Hittorf
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf b. March 27, 1824, Bonn, Prussia [now in Germany] d. Nov. 28, 1914, Münster, Germany
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on Johann Wilhelm Hittorf:German physicist who first computed the electricity-carrying capacity of charged atoms and molecules (ions), an ...